Our study examines whether citizens punish political misbehavior by estimating the impact of disciplinary sanctions on the re-election of political parties in Colombian mayoral elections. Results reveal that disciplinary sanctions have no effect on the re-election of paramilitary-linked parties. However. they can have a significant negative impact on the re-election of traditional and... https://countryscenesaddleryandpetsuppliers.shop/product-category/cart-jinker/